Secular Rulers
2 articles tagged with "Secular Rulers"
The Investiture Controversy and Pope Gregory VII's Struggle for Papal Independence
Explore the Investiture Controversy, a pivotal medieval struggle over church appointments that reshaped the balance of power between secular rulers and the papacy.
Bishops' Roles During Papal Weakness: 10th Century Italy
Explore 10th-century Italy where weakened papal authority led bishops to align with secular rulers, reflecting complex power dynamics between church and state.